{"id":451,"date":"2015-03-18T14:31:25","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T14:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/existentia.com.hr\/?p=451"},"modified":"2018-02-17T12:55:50","modified_gmt":"2018-02-17T12:55:50","slug":"sloboda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/existentia.com.hr\/hr\/sloboda\/","title":{"rendered":"Sloboda"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Izvor:<\/a>
Izvor: favim.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sloboda…ta vrijednost koju toliko cijeni \u010dovjek 21. stolje\u0107a. Ideje slobode maksima su dana\u0161njeg \u017eivota. No \u0161to je zapravo sloboda? Koliko smo odre\u0111eni kontekstom u kojem se nalazimo, a koliko slobodni?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ova suprotnost slobode i dru\u0161tvenih ograni\u010denja ne\u0161to je \u0161to me oduvijek zanimalo kao sociologinju i istovremenog egzistencijalista u du\u0161i. Dok egzistencijalizam uzima slobodu kao jednu od glavnih karakteristika \u010dovjeka, sociologija se uglavnom bavi osvjetljavanjem nevidljivih (no, vrlo stvarnih) ograni\u010denja koja \u010dovjeku name\u0107e dru\u0161tvo.<\/p>\n

U kojoj smo mjeri zaista slobodni da radimo to \u0161to po\u017eelimo ili da sami kreiramo svoju dru\u0161tvenu stvarnost?\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Ideja da sami mo\u017eemo kreirati vlastitu stvarnost \u010desta je u dana\u0161njim krugovima osobnog razvoja. No koliko je to zaista tako? Primjerice, sociolo\u0161ka istra\u017eivanja pokazala su da je socioekonomski status obitelji iz koje netko potje\u010de dosta dobar pokazatelj ne\u010dijeg daljnjeg socioekonomskog statusa. Ili, probajte nekome tko radi za minimalac re\u0107i da si je sam kriv za takvo stanje. Ili nekome tko je bolestan re\u0107i da ju to bolest sam stvorio (isto ideja popularna u mnogim new age filozofijama). Ne banalizira li takva poruka kompleksnost ljudske i dru\u0161tvene egzistencije?<\/p>\n

Za\u0161to je ideja da sami mo\u017eemo iskreirati sve u vlastitom \u017eivotu tako popularna u dana\u0161njim krugovima osobnog razvoja?\u00a0Egzistencijalisti\u010dka terapeutkinja Emmy van Deurzen smatra je tome tako zato \u0161to takve ideje fino “sjedaju” ljudskoj imaginaciji te stvaraju sliku idealnog svijeta u kojem svi na\u0161i problemi magi\u010dno nestaju. Drugim rije\u010dima, vrlo stvarne ograni\u010denosti s kojima se susre\u0107emo na svakodnevnoj razini u okviru te utopijske ideje bar se na trenutak \u010dine nepostoje\u0107e.<\/p>\n

S druge strane ove dijalektike nalazi se isto tako ne manje va\u017ena \u010dinjenica mi danas, u 21. stolje\u0107u, zapravo u velikoj mjeri jesmo slobodni. Sloboda da odredimo vlastiti \u017eivot karakteristika \u010dovjeka 21. stolje\u0107a vi\u0161e nego \u010dovjeka ikojeg prija\u0161njeg povijesnog razdoblja. Ve\u0107inu vlastite povijesti, \u010dovjeka su stezali religijski, feudalni, ropski ili druge vrste okova. Sloboda da sami odre\u0111ujemo vlastito religijsko uvjerenje, sloboda \u017eena da glasaju, budu ekonomski samostalne i \u017eive kako \u017eele, sloboda samoodre\u0111enja po pitanju razli\u010ditih odrednica vlastitog identiteta – ljudski rod se za ove slobode morao krvavo boriti i ta borba jo\u0161 uvijek nije gotova. Svaki dan ove slobode moramo osvajati ponovo.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017eda smo ba\u0161 radi toga negdje duboko u sebi osjetljivi na tu slobodu da odredimo vlastiti \u017eivot.\u00a0Mo\u017eda je i to jedan od razloga \u0161to nam je toliko primamljiva ideja da sami mo\u017eemo kreirati apsolutno cijeli svoj \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

No, krenimo redom. \u0160to je to uop\u0107e sloboda?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rollo May i Jean Paul Sartre, svatko iz svoje perspektive, tvrde da je sloboda u podlozi svih ostalih ljudskih vrijednosti. Rollo May tvrdi da je sloboda pretpostavka izbora svih drugih vrijednosti. Naime, da bismo uop\u0107e mogli osje\u0107ati ljubav ili primjerice, biti iskreni, moramo biti slobodni da to \u010dinimo. Situacija u kojoj nas netko prisiljava na to – nije sloboda.<\/p>\n

“Kad \u010dovjek ka\u017ee ‘Ja mogu’, ‘Ja biram’ ili ‘Ja \u017eelim’ on osje\u0107a vlastitu va\u017enost, jer rob ne mo\u017ee re\u0107i te stvari.<\/p>\n

~Rollo May<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jean Paul Sartre tvrdi da jednom kad spoznamo da smo ba\u010deni u indiferentni svemir, koji je bio tu kakav jest prije na\u0161eg ro\u0111enja i biti \u0107e i dalje, poslije na\u0161e smrti, da tada shva\u0107amo da smo slobodni da sami odaberemo kako \u0107e na\u0161a egzistencija izgledati. Po njemu, ljudska egzistencija i sloboda prakti\u010dki su sinonimi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Po\u010detak i kraj svake filozofije je – sloboda”<\/p>\n

~Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

No je li stvar ba\u0161 tako jednostavna? Jesmo li, doista, neograni\u010deno slobodni?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kao ljudska bi\u0107a neizbje\u017eno smo podlo\u017eni nekim ograni\u010denjima. Tjelesnim, onim zakonima fizike, fiziolo\u0161kim, za po\u010detak. Zatim, vremenskim. Mi ljudi egzistiramo\u00a0u nekom vremenski ograni\u010denom kontekstu, koji je i opet podlo\u017ean nekim ograni\u010denjima. Na kraju krajeva, nije isto jesmo li se rodili u 21. stolje\u0107u ili u srednjem vijeku.<\/p>\n

Zatim, kako bismo zadovoljili fiziolo\u0161ke potrebe svog tijela poput hrane, vode, topline…moramo imati i ekonomske mogu\u0107nosti. U pristupima klasi\u010dnih egzistencijalista ekonmska ograni\u010denja ne zauzimaju neko bitno mjesto, no s obzirom na dana\u0161nji ekonomski nesigurni kontekst egzistencije, \u010dini mi se da o njima vrijedi razmisliti.<\/p>\n

Zatim, \u010dovjek je i dru\u0161tveno bi\u0107e – trebaju mu drugi ljudi i dru\u0161tvo, \u0161to sa sobom donosi neki set pravila i pona\u0161anja. \u010covjek je, na kraju krajeva, i afektivno bi\u0107e, \u0161to zna\u010di da ima odre\u0111ene emocionalne potrebe. Kad sve ovo zbrojimo,\u00a0\u010dini se da smo kao ljudsko bi\u0107e itekako odre\u0111eni kontekstom vlastite egzistencije. Odrasli smo u odre\u0111enom obiteljskom i dru\u0161tvenom kontekstu i re\u0107i da nas to do neke mjere ne odre\u0111uje pomalo je iluzorno.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pa ako je tako, mogli bismo pitati, gdje je onda ta na\u0161a sloboda?
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eh, tu je ta caka egzistencijalizma. Sloboda se ne mo\u017ee promatrati, \u0161tovi\u0161e ne mo\u017ee ni postojati bez postojanja konteksta koji nu\u017eno zna\u010di i ograni\u010denost ljudske egzistencije.\u00a0 Sloboda je odre\u0111ena tim determiniranostima, ba\u0161 kao \u0161to je dan odre\u0111en no\u0107u.<\/p>\n

Sloboda se, smatra Rollo May, danas \u010desto poistovje\u0107uje s neograni\u010denom slobodom. No ona je sve samo ne to. Naime, kako May stalno nagla\u0161ava, \u010dovjek nije samo dio svijeta, svijet je neizbje\u017eno i dio njega. Tu se egzistencijalisti sla\u017eu sa zen majstorima.<\/p>\n

Ako je svijet dio nas, iz toga tada nu\u017eno slijedi da prema svijetu imamo neku odgovornost. Sloboda, drugim rije\u010dima, ne mo\u017ee postojati bez odgovornosti.<\/strong> \u0160to to zna\u010di? To zna\u010di da ako sam bi\u0107e koje \u017eivi u svijetu ljudi, u svijetu okoli\u0161a takvih kakvi jesu koji su mi itekako potrebni za vlastitu egzistenciju, tada imam neku odgovornost prema tom istom svijetu. \u0160to se doga\u0111a sa svijetom, doga\u0111a se i meni – svijet i ja nismo odvojeni.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Te ideje zvu\u010de apstraktno kada se prvi puta promi\u0161ljaju, no jednom kada ih po\u010dnete \u017eivjeti, apstrakcija nestaje. Tada \u0107ete promisliti kako je va\u0161e pona\u0161anje djelovalo na nekog drugog – jer znate da je taj netko tako\u0111er dio me\u0111umre\u017ee \u017eivota koja vas hrani, koja je dio vas. To je ta zen me\u0111upovezanost.<\/a><\/p>\n

Tada \u0107ete krenuti promi\u0161ljati i druge stvari. \u0160to ostavljate svijetu iza sebe, kako se odnosite prema okoli\u0161u, kako op\u0107enito djelujete. Kako bi rekao Sartre, \u010dovjek je slobodan da izabere vlastite vrijednosti kao determinante vlastitog \u017eivota. No, izabrati neku vrijednost u svojem djelovanju zna\u010di afirmirati je na razini \u010dovje\u010danstva.<\/p>\n

Ideja slobode kompleksna je tema, kako unutar egzistencijalizma, tako i izvan njega. Zato zasad, promislimo o svemu \u0161to smo dosad pro\u010ditali.<\/p>\n

~Iva<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sloboda…ta vrijednost koju toliko cijeni \u010dovjek 21. stolje\u0107a. Ideje slobode maksima su dana\u0161njeg \u017eivota. No \u0161to je zapravo sloboda? Koliko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[13,100,97,55,54,3],"class_list":["post-451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-egzistencijalizam","tag-egzistencija","tag-jean-paul-sartre","tag-rollo-may","tag-sebstvo","tag-sloboda","tag-viktor-frankl"],"yoast_head":"\nSloboda - Existentia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/existentia.com.hr\/hr\/sloboda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sloboda - Existentia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sloboda…ta vrijednost koju toliko cijeni \u010dovjek 21. stolje\u0107a. 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